Memory cells with rectifying device

ABSTRACT

Memory devices and methods described are shown that provide improvements, including improved cell isolation for operations such as read and write. Further, methods and devices for addressing and accessing cells are shown that provide a simple and efficient way to manage devices with multiple cells associated with each access transistor. Examples of multiple cell devices include phase change memory devices with multiple cells associated with each access transistor.

PRIORITY APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.12/026,195, filed Feb. 5, 2008, which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This application relates generally to memory devices for storing data. Aspecific example of a memory device described in the present disclosureincludes a memory with multiple memory cells associated with a givenaccess transistor, wherein the memory cells are part of a structure suchas a phase change memory device.

BACKGROUND

There is an increasing demand for more memory capability on smallerchips in the semiconductor memory industry. Manufacturers are constantlytrying to reduce the size of electronic components such as transistors,flash cells, memory bit storage devices etc. on memory chips to improvedensity and increase capacity. Also an increase in data access speed andan increase in data write speed are desirable.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a top view of a memory device according to an embodimentof the invention.

FIG. 1B shows a cross section of the memory device from FIG. 1Asectioned along line 1B-1B.

FIG. 1C shows a circuit diagram of a portion of a memory device similarto the memory device_shown in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 2A shows a top view of another memory device according to anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2B shows a cross section of the memory device from FIG. 2Asectioned along line 2B-2B.

FIG. 2C shows a circuit diagram of a portion of a memory device similarto the memory device_shown in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram of a method according to an embodiment ofthe invention.

FIG. 4A shows a top view of another memory device according to anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4B shows a cross section of the memory device from FIG. 4Asectioned along line 4B-4B.

FIG. 4C shows a circuit diagram of a portion of a memory device similarto the memory device shown in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5A shows a top view of another memory device according to anembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 5B shows a cross section of the memory device from FIG. 5Asectioned along line 5B-5B.

FIG. 5C shows a circuit diagram of a portion of a memory device similarto the memory device shown in FIG. 5A.

FIG. 6 shows an information handling system including a memory deviceaccording to an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description of the invention, reference ismade to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof and in whichis shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which theinvention may be practiced. In the drawings, like numerals describesubstantially similar components throughout the several views. Theseembodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilledin the art to practice the invention. Other embodiments may be utilizedand structural, logical, and electrical changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the present invention.

The terms “wafer” and “substrate” used in the following descriptioninclude any structure having an exposed surface with which to form anintegrated circuit (IC) structure of the invention. The term substrateis understood to include semiconductor wafers. The term substrate isalso used to refer to semiconductor structures during processing and mayinclude other layers, such as silicon-on-insulator (SOI), etc. that havebeen fabricated thereupon. Both wafer and substrate include doped andundoped semiconductors, epitaxial semiconductor layers supported by abase semiconductor or insulator, as well as other semiconductorstructures well known to one skilled in the art. The term conductor isunderstood to include semiconductors and the term insulator ordielectric is defined to include any material that is less electricallyconductive than the materials referred to as conductors.

The term “horizontal” as used in this application is defined as a planeparallel to the conventional plane or surface of a wafer or substrate,regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate. The term“vertical” refers to a direction perpendicular to the horizontal asdefined above. Prepositions, such as “on,” “side” (as in “sidewall”),“higher,” “lower,” “over,” and “under” are defined with respect to theconventional plane or surface being on the top surface of the wafer orsubstrate, regardless of the orientation of the wafer or substrate.

FIG. 1A shows a portion of a memory array 100. The illustration infigures such as 1A are not necessarily drawn to scale, and are presentedin to illustrate a rough idea of the physical architecture of the memoryarray 100. A block 102 is shown in the array 100. The block 102 is amulti-cell block that includes a first cell 118 and a second cell 120associated with a single access transistor as will be shown in moredetail in subsequent figures. A number of access lines such as accesslines 110 are shown in the array 100 that are used to activate gates ofaccess transistors associated with each block 102.

In one embodiment, the block 102 includes a phase change memory block. Aphase change structure 114 is shown comprising the first cell 118 andthe second cell 120. An example of a phase change material that could beused to form the phase change structure 114 includes a chalcogenideglass, although the invention is not so limited. A number of electrodeselect lines 112 are shown coupled to the cells in the array 100 such asthe first cell 118 and the second cell 120.

FIG. 1B illustrates the connection between the electrode select lines112 and the components of the individual cells. The example cells 118and 120 are shown in FIG. 1B. A first electrode 130 is shown coupled tothe phase change structure 114, which is in turn coupled to a secondelectrode 132.

In operation, a phase of all or a portion of the phase change structure114 is selected to correspond to a memory state, such as to provide azero or a one designation in the logic of the memory array 100. In oneembodiment, the phase of all, or a portion of a cell of the phase changestructure 114 is altered between an amorphous state and a crystallinestate. The respective phase states possess different electronicproperties such as resistivity, therefore changing from one state to theother has the effect of programming the cell.

A dielectric 117 is shown adjacent to the phase change structure 114 toprovide electrical isolation. In the example shown, the phase changestructure 114 includes a ring like structure, or a structure having aperimeter, although other structures could be used, such as a cross likestructure as illustrated in embodiments described below. In one example,geometry for the phase change structure 114 is selected to facilitateplacement of other circuitry, such as electrode select lines, in anefficient manner to provide higher device density.

A rectifying device 116 is also shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B. Examples ofrectifying devices include, but are not limited to, diodes, gate coupledfield effect transistors, etc. One of ordinary skill in the art, havingthe benefit of the present disclosure, will recognize that any of anumber of rectifying devices are possible. The rectifying device 116 islocated between the electrode select line 112 and the first electrode130. This configuration provides operational characteristics that willbe discussed in more detail below.

FIG. 1C illustrates a circuit diagram of a memory array similar to thearray 100 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B. A memory block 103 similar tothe memory block 102 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B is shown. A phasechange cell 170 is illustrated.

In one method of operation, an access line 150 is activated to opengates of access transistors in the desired row, such as accesstransistor 156. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1C, a block selectline 152 is activated to select a transfer line 154. A first cell selectsignal is used on cell line 160 to select the first electrode selectline 166. FIG. 1C illustrates a first transistor 162 and a secondtransistor 164 of opposite gate types. In one method of operation, thefirst electrode select line 166 is selected by driving cell select line160 either high or low. By alternating gate types of transistors 162 and164 in the array, half of the first electrode select lines 166 areenabled depending on whether cell select line 160 is driven high or low.

In the example shown in FIG. 1C, the phase change cell 170 is selected.A line 158, for example a constant voltage line, is coupled to the cell170 and a signal travels through a rectifying device 172. The signal isfurther coupled to the phase change cell 170, and if the phase changecell is in a conductive state, the signal travels through the accesstransistor 156 and out to the transfer line 154.

In one embodiment, the rectifying device 172 as used with phase changecell 170 and the similar configuration throughout the array reduce oreliminate unwanted disturbances of other adjacent cells during operationof the array. The rectifying devices in the array stop signals, charges,etc. from traveling through other paths in the circuit and causingunwanted cell programming, noise, etc.

FIG. 2A illustrates another embodiment of a memory array 200. A block202 is shown in the array 200. The block 202 is a multi-cell block thatincludes four cells associated with a single access transistor as willbe shown in more detail in subsequent figures. Cell 218 is illustratedas one of the four cells in the block 202.

In one embodiment, the block 202 includes a phase change memory block. Aphase change structure 214 is shown comprising the four cells. As statedin previous examples, an example of a phase change material includes achalcogenide glass, although the invention is not so limited. A numberof electrode select lines 212 are shown coupled to the cells in thearray 200.

FIG. 2B illustrates the connection between the electrode select lines212 and the phase change structure. An example cell similar to cell 218is shown in FIG. 2B. A first electrode 230 is shown coupled to the phasechange structure 214, which is in turn coupled to a second electrode232. The second electrode 232 is in turn connected to an accesstransistor (not shown) in selected embodiments.

A dielectric 217 is shown adjacent to the phase change structure 214 toprovide electrical isolation. In the example shown, the phase changestructure 214 includes a cross like structure. Although a cross likestructure is shown, the invention is not so limited.

A rectifying device 216 is also shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As discussedabove, examples of rectifying devices include, but are not limited to,diodes, gate coupled field effect transistors, etc. One of ordinaryskill in the art, having the benefit of the present disclosure, willrecognize that any of a number of rectifying devices are possible. Therectifying device 216 is located between the electrode select line 212and the first electrode 230. As discussed above, this configurationhelps to isolate phase change cells during operation of the array,providing better reading and writing characteristics with fewer errors.

The configuration shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrates a separatestructure as a rectifying device 216 for each cell such as cell 218. Arectifying device for each cell provides increased isolation fromadjacent cells and improved array performance.

FIG. 2C illustrates a circuit diagram of a memory array similar to thearray 200 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. A memory block 203 similar tothe memory block 202 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B is shown. Asdiscussed above, the memory block 203 is a four cell phase change memoryblock.

In one method of operation, an access line 250 is activated to opengates of access transistors in the desired row, such as accesstransistor 260. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2C, transfer line252 is provided to transmit a signal to the transfer line sensecircuitry such as a decoder and determine a state of the selected cell.In the embodiment shown, there are four cells associated with eachaccess transistor. The memory block 203, for example, includes fourphase change cells 272 each with an individual associated rectifyingdevice 270.

Although a phase change memory device is described as an example, theinvention is not so limited. Other embodiments of the present inventioninclude multiple cell memory devices in general where more than one cellis associated with a single access transistor. Other multiple celltechnologies may include examples such as magnetic storage cells, flashmemory cells, etc.

In one embodiment, an electrode select line 254 is selected to select anindividual cell within the block 203. The further selection of thedesired access line 250 and transfer line 252 determine which block iswritten to or read.

In one embodiment, an electrode select line is selected according to adecode rule. In the example shown in FIGS. 2A-2C, a decode rule includesL=2*m+4*n+k. In this rule example, “m” is a row number in the memoryarray and “n” is a column number in the memory array. As describedabove, “m” and “n” determine a desired access transistor. In this ruleexample, “k” is an individual cell in the four cell memory block. Eachcell “k” in this example is assigned a number from 1-4. In this ruleexample, “L” is an electrode select line number, with the firstelectrode select line on the left side of the circuit being labeled “1”and each following electrode select line to the right beingincrementally numbered 2, 3, 4, etc.

FIG. 3 illustrates a method of operation of a memory array with fourcells associated with each access transistor. One example of a memoryarray with four cells associated with each access transistor isillustrated in FIGS. 2A-2C as discussed above. Other examples are alsoillustrated in subsequent figures. As mentioned above, although a phasechange memory is used as an example, selected embodiments are notlimited to phase change memory configurations.

The operations in FIG. 3 are used to select a desired four cell memoryblock in an array of memory blocks. In the first operation, an accessline is activated to turn on a row of access transistors in a memoryarray. In the second operation, a transfer line is selected thatcorresponds to a desired access transistor in the row of accesstransistors. In the third operation, an electrode select line isselected according to a decode rule such as the rule described above.Using the rule described above, only a single electrode select line isactivated.

FIG. 4A illustrates another embodiment of a memory array. A block 402 isshown in the array. The block 402 is a multi-cell block that includesfour cells associated with a single access transistor as will be shownin more detail in subsequent figures. Cell 418 is illustrated as one ofthe four cells in the block 402.

In one embodiment, the block 402 includes a phase change memory block. Aphase change structure 414 is shown comprising the four cells. As statedin previous examples, an example of a phase change material includes achalcogenide glass, although the invention is not so limited. A numberof electrode select lines 412 are shown coupled to the cells in thearray.

FIG. 4B illustrates the connection between the electrode select lines412 and the components of the individual cells. An example cell similarto cell 418 is shown in FIG. 4B. A first type semiconductor portion 415such as p-type material is shown coupled to a pair of second typesemiconductor portions 416 such as n-type. In one example, the oppositetype semiconductor materials form a rectifying device that providesincreased cell isolation. The second type semiconductor portions 416 areshown coupled to the phase change structure 414, which is in turncoupled to a second electrode 432. The second electrode 432 is in turnconnected to an access transistor (not shown) in selected embodiments.Alternatively, the second type semiconductor portions 416 are coupled tothe phase change structure 414 through an additional conductiveintermediate layer.

A dielectric 417 is shown adjacent to the phase change structure 414 toprovide electrical isolation. In the example shown, the phase changestructure 414 includes a cross like structure. Although a cross likestructure is shown, the invention is not so limited.

As discussed above, the first type semiconductor portion 415 and thesecond type semiconductor portions 416 function as a rectifying device.The rectifying device is coupled to the electrode select line 412 usinga contact 413. A contact, such as contact 413, is an embodiment of anelectrode as recited in the following claims. The rectifying device isin turn coupled to the phase change structure 414. As discussed above,this configuration helps to isolate phase change cells during operationof the array, providing better reading and writing characteristics withfewer errors.

The configuration shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrates one rectifyingstructure for every two cells such as cell 418. In the example shown inFIGS. 4A and 4B, there are two rectifying devices included in a singlerectifying structure. A rectifying device for each cell providesincreased isolation from adjacent cells and improved array performance.

FIG. 4C illustrates a circuit diagram of a memory array similar to thearray illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. A memory block 403 similar to thememory block 402 illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B is shown. As discussedabove, the memory block 403 is a four cell phase change memory block.

In one method of operation, an access line 450 is activated to opengates of access transistors in the desired row, such as accesstransistor 460. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4C, transfer line452 is provided to transmit a signal to the transfer line sensecircuitry and determine a state of the selected cell. In the embodimentshown, there are four cells associated with each access transistor. Thememory block 403, for example, includes four phase change cells 472 eachwith an individual associated rectifying device 470.

Although a phase change memory device is described as an example, theinvention is not so limited. Other embodiments of the present inventioninclude multiple cell memory devices in general where more than one cellis associated with a single access transistor. Other multiple celltechnologies may include examples such as magnetic storage cells, flashmemory cells, etc.

In one embodiment, an electrode select line 454 is selected to select anindividual cell within the block 403. The further selection of thedesired access line 450 and transfer line 452 determine which block iswritten to or read.

In one embodiment, electrode select lines are selected according to aselection rule. In the example shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, a decode ruleincludes L=2*m+2*n+k. In this rule example, “m” is a row number in thememory array and “n” is a column number in the memory array. Asdescribed above, “m” and “n” determine a desired access transistor. Inthis rule example, “k” is an individual cell in the four cell memoryblock. Each cell “k” in this example is assigned a number from 1-4. Inthis rule example, “L” is an electrode select line number, with thefirst electrode select line on the left side of the circuit beinglabeled “1” and each following electrode select line to the right beingincrementally numbered 2, 3, 4, etc.

FIG. 5A illustrates another embodiment of a memory array. A block 502 isshown in the array. The block 502 is a multi-cell block that includesfour cells associated with a single access transistor as will be shownin more detail in subsequent figures. Cell 518 is illustrated as one ofthe four cells in the block 502.

In one embodiment, the block 502 includes a phase change memory block. Aphase change structure 514 is shown comprising the four cells. As statedin previous examples, an example of a phase change material includes achalcogenide glass, although the invention is not so limited. A numberof electrode select lines 512 are shown coupled to the cells in thearray.

FIG. 5B illustrates the connection between the electrode select lines512 and the components of the individual cells. An example cell similarto cell 518 is shown in FIG. 5B. A first type semiconductor portion 515such as p-type material is shown coupled to a four second typesemiconductor portions 516 such as n-type. In one example, the oppositetype semiconductor materials form a rectifying device that providesincreased cell isolation. The second type semiconductor portions 516 areshown coupled to the phase change structure 514, which is in turncoupled to a second electrode 532. The second electrode 532 is in turnconnected to an access transistor (not shown) in selected embodiments.As described above, alternatively, the second type semiconductorportions 516 are coupled to the phase change structure 514 through anadditional conductive intermediate layer.

A dielectric 517 is shown adjacent to the phase change structure 514 toprovide electrical isolation. In the example shown, the phase changestructure 514 includes a cross like structure. Although a cross likestructure is shown, the invention is not so limited.

As discussed above, the first type semiconductor portion 515 and thesecond type semiconductor portions 516 function as a rectifying device.The rectifying device is coupled to the electrode select line 512 usinga contact 513. The rectifying device is in turn coupled to the phasechange structure 514. As discussed above, this configuration helps toisolate phase change cells during operation of the array, providingbetter reading and writing characteristics with fewer errors.

The configuration shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrates one rectifyingstructure for every four cells such as cell 518. In the example shown inFIGS. 5A and 5B, there are four rectifying devices included in a singlerectifying structure. A rectifying device for each cell providesincreased isolation from adjacent cells and improved array performance.

FIG. 5C illustrates a circuit diagram of a memory array similar to thearray illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B. A memory block 503 similar to thememory block 502 illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B is shown. As discussedabove, the memory block 503 is a four cell phase change memory block.

In one method of operation, an access line 550 is activated to opengates of access transistors in the desired row, such as accesstransistor 560. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5C, transfer line552 is provided to transmit a signal to the transfer line sensecircuitry and determine a state of the selected cell. In the embodimentshown, there are four cells associated with each access transistor. Thememory block 503, for example, includes four phase change cells 572 eachwith an individual associated rectifying device 570.

Although a phase change memory device is described as an example, theinvention is not so limited. Other embodiments of the present inventioninclude multiple cell memory devices in general where more than one cellis associated with a single access transistor. Other multiple celltechnologies may include examples such as magnetic storage cells, flashmemory cells, etc.

In one embodiment, an electrode select line 554 is selected to select anindividual cell within the block 503. The further selection of thedesired access line 550 and transfer line 552 determine which block iswritten to or read.

In one embodiment, an electrode select line is selected according to adecode rule. In the example shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, a decode rule includesL=m+2*n+k−3. In this rule example, “m” is a row number in the memoryarray and “n” is a column number in the memory array. As describedabove, “m” and “n” determine a desired access transistor. In this ruleexample, “k” is an individual cell in the four cell memory block. Eachcell “k” in this example is assigned a number from 1-4. In this ruleexample, “L” is an electrode select line number, with the firstelectrode select line on the left side of the circuit being labeled “1”and each following electrode select line to the right beingincrementally numbered 2, 3, 4, etc.

Although a number of examples are shown with various rectifying devicearchitecture and associated electrode select line rules, the inventionis not so limited. Additionally, although four cell per accesstransistor and two cell per access transistor embodiments are shown, theinvention can be used with other multiple cell configurations. Usingmemory device configurations shown, and methods described herein,multiple cell memory devices are provided with improvements, includingimproved cell isolation for operations such as read and write. Further,methods and devices for addressing and accessing cells are shown thatprovide a simple and efficient way to manage devices with multiple cellsassociated with each access transistor. Using such configurations with aphase change memory provides high read and write speeds compared toother memories such as flash. Configurations as described herein furtherprovide efficient device construction and selection of each phase changecell.

An embodiment of an information handling system such as a computer isincluded in subsequent figures to show an embodiment of a high-leveldevice application for the present invention. FIG. 6 is a block diagramof an information handling system 600 incorporating at least one chip orchip assembly 604 that includes a memory device according to anembodiment of the invention. Information handling system 600 is merelyone embodiment of an electronic system in which the present inventioncan be used. Other examples include, but are not limited to, personaldata assistants (PDAs), cellular telephones, MP3 players, aircraft,satellites, military vehicles, etc.

In this example, information handling system 600 comprises a dataprocessing system that includes a system bus 602 to couple the variouscomponents of the system. System bus 602 provides communications linksamong the various components of the information handling system 600 andmay be implemented as a single bus, as a combination of busses, or inany other suitable manner.

Chip assembly 604 is coupled to the system bus 602. Chip assembly 604may include any circuit or operably compatible combination of circuits.In one embodiment, chip assembly 604 includes a processor 606 that canbe of any type. As used herein, “processor” means any type ofcomputational circuit such as, but not limited to, a microprocessor, amicrocontroller, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor (DSP),or any other type of processor or processing circuit.

In one embodiment, a memory chip 607 is included in the chip assembly604. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a wide variety ofmemory device configurations may be used in the chip assembly 604.Acceptable types of memory chips include, but are not limited to,Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAMs) such as SDRAMs, SLDRAMs, RDRAMs andother DRAMs. Memory chip 607 can also include non-volatile memory suchas flash memory. In one embodiment, the memory chip 607 includes a phasechange random access memory (PCRAM).

In one embodiment, additional logic chips 608 other than processor chipsare included in the chip assembly 604. An example of a logic chip 608other than a processor includes an analog to digital converter. Othercircuits on logic chips 608 such as custom circuits, anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. are also includedin one embodiment of the invention.

Information handling system 600 may also include an external memory 611,which in turn can include one or more memory elements suitable to theparticular application, such as one or more hard drives 612, and/or oneor more drives that handle removable media 613 such as floppy diskettes,compact disks (CDs), digital video disks (DVDs), and the like. A memoryconstructed as described in examples above is included in theinformation handling system 600.

Information handling system 600 may also include a display device 609such as a monitor, additional peripheral components 610, such asspeakers, etc. and a keyboard and/or controller 614, which can include amouse, trackball, game controller, voice-recognition device, or anyother device that permits a system user to input information into andreceive information from the information handling system 600.

While a number of embodiments of the invention are described, the abovelists are not intended to be exhaustive. Although specific embodimentshave been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated bythose of ordinary skill in the art that any arrangement that iscalculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for thespecific embodiment shown. This application is intended to cover anyadaptations or variations of the present invention. It is to beunderstood that the above description is intended to be illustrative andnot restrictive. Combinations of the above embodiments, and otherembodiments, will be apparent to those of skill in the art uponreviewing the above description. The scope of the invention includes anyother applications in which the above structures and methods are used.The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to theappended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which suchclaims are entitled.

1. A method, comprising: activating a plurality of access transistors ina memory array; selecting a memory cell in a memory block, wherein thereare multiple phase change cells associated with each access transistor;and detecting an electrical signal that passes through a rectifyingdevice and a respective one of the memory cells.
 2. The method of claim1, wherein selecting a memory cell in a memory block includes selectinga memory cell in a four cell memory block.
 3. The method of claim 2,wherein selecting comprises selecting according to a selection rule. 4.The method of claim 3, wherein selecting according to a selection rulecomprises L=2*m+4*n+k; wherein m is a row number in the memory array andn is a column number in the memory array, and m and n determine thedesired access transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the fourcell memory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3,and 4; and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 5. The methodof claim 3, wherein selecting according to a selection rule comprisesL=2*m+2*n+k; wherein m is a row number in the memory array and n is acolumn number in the memory array, and m and n determine the desiredaccess transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the four cellmemory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 6. The method of claim3, wherein selecting according to a selection rule comprisesL=m+2*n+k−3; wherein m is a row number in the memory array and n is acolumn number in the memory array, and m and n determine the desiredaccess transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the four cellmemory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 7. A method,comprising: activating an access line to select a plurality of accessnodes in a memory array; selecting a memory cell in a memory block,wherein there are multiple resistance changing cells associated witheach access node; and detecting an electrical signal that passes througha rectifying device and a respective one of the memory cells.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, further including activating an access transistorbetween the access line and the access node to select the plurality ofaccess nodes.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting the memorycell in the memory block includes selecting a memory cell in a memoryblock, wherein there are multiple chalcogenide glass cells associatedwith each access node.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting amemory cell in a memory block includes selecting a memory cell in a twocell memory block.
 11. The method of claim 7, wherein selecting a memorycell in a memory block includes selecting a memory cell in a four cellmemory block.
 12. A method, comprising: activating an access line toselect a plurality of access nodes in a memory array; selecting a memorycell in a memory block, wherein there are multiple resistance changingcells formed from portions of a continuous structure associated witheach access node; and detecting an electrical signal that passes througha rectifying device and a respective one of the memory cells.
 13. Themethod of claim 12, wherein selecting the memory cell in the memoryblock includes selecting a memory cell in a memory block, wherein thereare multiple phase changing cells associated with each access node. 14.The method of claim 12, wherein selecting the memory cell in the memoryblock includes selecting a memory cell in a memory block, wherein thereare multiple resistance changing cells formed from portions of acontinuous ring-like structure.
 15. The method of claim 12, whereinselecting comprises selecting according to a selection rule.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, wherein selecting according to a selection rulecomprises L=2*m+4*n+k; wherein m is a row number in the memory array andn is a column number in the memory array, and m and n determine thedesired access transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the fourcell memory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3,and 4; and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 17. The methodof claim 15, wherein selecting according to a selection rule comprisesL=2*m+2*n+k; wherein m is a row number in the memory array and n is acolumn number in the memory array, and m and n determine the desiredaccess transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the four cellmemory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 18. The method ofclaim 15, wherein selecting according to a selection rule comprisesL=m+2*n+k−3; wherein m is a row number in the memory array and n is acolumn number in the memory array, and m and n determine the desiredaccess transistor; wherein k is an individual cell in the four cellmemory block and k is chosen from a group consisting of 1, 2, 3, and 4;and wherein L is an electrode select line number.
 19. The method ofclaim 12, wherein detecting the electrical signal that passes throughthe rectifying device includes detecting an electrical signal thatpasses through a diode.
 20. The method of claim 12, further includingactivating an access transistor between the access line and the accessnode to select the plurality of access nodes.